Electrophysiological Correlate of fMRI Resting-State Networks in Macaques

Purpose Although resting-state fMRI signal correlation has been widely used to infer functional connectivity and network organization of the brain, its neural correlate remains unclear. By analyzing correlation of band-limited power (BLP), several electrophysiological studies have suggested that the fMRI correlations may have contributions from neuronal oscillations at specific frequency bands. However, consensus about the relative importance of the different frequency band appears to be lacking, while a dominant role of individual frequencies in the fMRI correlations, seems inconsistent with the fact that regional-specific fMRI correlations persist across various brain states characterized by dramatic changes in oscillatory activity. Here, we revisited this issue by analyzing large-scale electrocorticography (ECoG) data acquired under various brain conditions using a data-driven method.